Abashyitsi basuye ibicuruzwa bya batiri ya sodium ion biva mu isosiyete yo mu Bushinwa mu imurikagurisha ryambere ry’Ubushinwa mpuzamahanga.Mubikorwa byacu no mubuzima, bateri ya lithium irashobora kugaragara ahantu hose.Kuva kuri terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa n’ibindi bikoresho bya elegitoronike kugeza ku binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, bateri za lithium-ion zikoreshwa mu bihe byinshi, hamwe n’ubunini buto, imikorere ihamye kandi ikwirakwizwa neza, kugira ngo ifashe abantu gukoresha neza ingufu zisukuye.

Mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa bwashyize ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi mu bushakashatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga n’iterambere, gutegura ibikoresho, gukora bateri no gukoresha bateri ya sodium ion.

Inyungu zo kubika ni nini

Kugeza ubu, iterambere ryububiko bwingufu zamashanyarazi rihagarariwe na bateri ya lithium-ion irihuta.Litiyumu yingufu za batiri zifite ingufu zidasanzwe, imbaraga zihariye, kwishyuza no gusohora neza hamwe na voltage isohoka, hamwe nigihe kirekire cyumurimo, kwikebesha gake, ni tekinoroji nziza yo kubika ingufu.Mugihe ibiciro byo gukora bigabanutse, bateri za lithium-ion zirimo gushyirwaho cyane mububiko bwingufu zamashanyarazi, hamwe niterambere rikomeye.

Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itangazamakuru ivuga ko mu 2022, ubushobozi bushya bwo kubika ingufu z’Ubushinwa bwiyongereyeho 200% ku mwaka, kandi imishinga irenga megawatt irenga 20100 yahujwe na gride, muri yo ikabika ingufu za batiri ya lithium yari ifite 97% ubushobozi bushya bwashyizweho.

Ati: “Ikoranabuhanga mu kubika ingufu ni ihuriro rikomeye mu gushyira mu bikorwa no gushyira mu bikorwa impinduramatwara nshya.Bitewe n’ingamba zishingiye kuri karuboni ebyiri, ububiko bushya bw’ingufu mu Bushinwa buratera imbere byihuse. ”Sun Jinhua, umwarimu w’ishuri ry’ubumenyi bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi akaba n'umwarimu wa kaminuza y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa, yavuze yeruye ko ingufu nshya ububiko burimo kwerekana "lithium yiganje" ibintu.

Mu buhanga bwinshi bwo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi, bateri ya lithium-ion yafashe umwanya wiganje mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa ndetse n’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, bikora urunigi rw’inganda rwuzuye.Ariko icyarimwe, amakosa ya bateri ya lithium-ion nayo yakuruye impungenge.

Ubushobozi buke ni bumwe muri bwo.Abahanga bavuga ko ikwirakwizwa ry’umutungo wa lithium ku isi ridahwanye cyane, aho 70% muri Amerika yepfo, naho 6% by’umutungo wa lithium ku isi.

Nigute ushobora guteza imbere tekinoroji yububiko bwa batiri idashingiye kumikoro adasanzwe?Umuvuduko wo kuzamura tekinoroji nshya yo kubika ingufu uhagarariwe na bateri ya sodium-ion irihuta.

Kimwe na bateri ya lithium-ion, bateri ya sodium-ion ni bateri ya kabiri yishingikiriza kuri ion ion kugirango yimuke hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi kugirango irangize kwishyuza no gusohora imirimo.Li Jianlin, umunyamabanga mukuru wa komite ishinzwe kubika ingufu za Sosiyete ishinzwe amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa, yavuze ko ku isi hose, ububiko bwa sodium burenze kure lithium kandi bukwirakwizwa henshi, kandi ibiciro bya batiri ya sodium ion biri munsi ya 30-40% ugereranije n’iya bateri.Muri icyo gihe, bateri ya sodium ion ifite umutekano mwiza nubushyuhe buke, hamwe nubuzima bwo hejuru cyane, bigatuma bateri ya sodium ion iba inzira yingenzi ya tekiniki yo gukemura ikibazo cyububabare bwa "lithium imwe yonyine".

Inganda zifite ejo hazaza heza

Ubushinwa bwita cyane ku bushakashatsi no guteza imbere no gukoresha bateri ya sodium ion.Mu 2022, Ubushinwa buzashyiramo bateri ya sodium ion muri gahunda yimyaka 14 yimyaka itanu yo guhanga udushya mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw’ingufu, kandi ishyigikire ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze n’ibikoresho bya batiri ya sodium.Muri Mutarama 2023, minisiteri n’andi mashami atandatu basohoye hamwe “bijyanye no guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha ingufu za elegitoroniki”, hagamijwe gushimangira ubushakashatsi bushya bw’ububiko bw’inganda zikoresha ingufu z’ubushakashatsi, ubushakashatsi bwagezweho n’ubuzima burebure burebure bw’umutekano mwinshi, ubushobozi bunini bunini uburyo bwiza bwo kubika ingufu zikoranabuhanga, kwihutisha ubushakashatsi niterambere rya bateri nshya nka batiri ya sodium ion.

Yu Qingjiao, umunyamabanga mukuru wa Zhongguancun New Battery Technology Innovation Alliance, yavuze ko 2023 ryiswe “umwaka wa mbere w’umusaruro rusange” wa bateri ya sodium mu nganda, kandi isoko rya batiri ya sodium mu Bushinwa riratera imbere.Mu bihe biri imbere, mu byiciro bibiri cyangwa bitatu by'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, kubika ingufu zo mu rugo, kubika ingufu mu nganda n’ubucuruzi, ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu n’ibindi bice, bateri ya sodium izahinduka inyongera ikomeye mu nzira y’ikoranabuhanga rya lithium.

Muri Mutarama uyu mwaka, imodoka nshya y’ingufu z’Ubushinwa JAC yttrium yatanze imodoka ya batiri ya mbere ya sodium ku isi.Muri 2023, igisekuru cya mbere cya sodium ion bateri ya selile yatangijwe bwa mbere.Akagari karashobora kwishyurwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba muminota 15 mubushyuhe bwicyumba, kandi imbaraga zishobora kugera hejuru ya 80%.Ntabwo ikiguzi kiri hasi gusa, ariko kandi urwego rwinganda ruzaba rwigenga kandi rugenzurwa.

Mu mpera z'umwaka ushize, Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ingufu cyatangaje umushinga w'icyitegererezo cyo kubika ingufu nshya.Babiri muri 56 barangije ni bateri ya sodium-ion.Ku bwa Wu Hui, perezida w’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’inganda z’Ubushinwa, inzira y’inganda za batiri ya sodium ion iratera imbere byihuse.Biteganijwe ko mu 2030, isi ikenera kubika ingufu zizagera ku masaha 1.5 ya terawatt (Twh), kandi biteganijwe ko bateri ya sodium-ion izabona umwanya munini w’isoko. ”Kuva mu bubiko bw’ingufu za gride kugeza ku bubiko bw’ingufu n’ubucuruzi. , mu kubika ingufu zo mu rugo no kubika ingufu zigendanwa, ibicuruzwa byose bibika ingufu bizakoreshwa cyane mu mashanyarazi ya sodiumi mu gihe kiri imbere. ”Wu Hui.

Umuhanda usaba kandi muremure

Kugeza ubu, bateri ya sodium ion ikurura ibitekerezo mu bihugu bitandukanye.Nihon Keizai Shimbun yatangaje ko kugeza mu Kuboza 2022, Ubushinwa bwari bufite ibice birenga 50 ku ijana by'ibintu byose byemewe ku isi muri bateri ya sodium ion, mu gihe Ubuyapani, Amerika, Koreya y'Epfo n'Ubufaransa biza ku mwanya wa kabiri kugeza ku wa gatanu.Sun Jinhua yavuze ko usibye ko Ubushinwa bwihutisha iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ndetse no gukoresha cyane bateri ya sodium ion, ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi na Amerika na Aziya byinjije bateri ya sodium ion muri sisitemu yo guteza imbere ingufu za batiri.

Di Kansheng, umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa Zhejiang Huzhou Guosheng New Energy Technology Co., LTD., Yavuze ko bateri ya sodium ion ishobora kwigira ku nzira y’iterambere rya bateri ya lithium, igatera imbere kuva ku bicuruzwa kugeza mu nganda, kugabanya ibiciro, kunoza imikorere, no guteza imbere ibintu. mu nzego zose z'ubuzima.Muri icyo gihe, umutekano ugomba gushyirwa mu mwanya wa mbere, kandi hagomba gukinishwa imikorere ya batiri ya sodium ion.

Nubwo amasezerano yasezeranijwe, abahanga bavuga ko bateri ya sodium ion ikiri ndende cyane.

Yu Puritan yavuze ko iterambere ry’inganda za batiri ya sodiumi muri iki gihe rihura n’ibibazo nk’ubucucike buke, ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo rikure, urwego rutanga isoko rugomba kunozwa, kandi n’urwego ruto rw’ibiciro rukaba rutaragerwaho.Inganda zose zigomba kwibanda ku guhanga udushya dufatanya mu guteza imbere inganda za batiri ya sodiumi mu iterambere ry’ibidukikije ndetse no mu rwego rwo hejuru. (Umunyamakuru Liu Yao)