“Raporo y'imirimo ya Leta” irasaba guteza imbere ububiko bushya bw'ingufu.Kubika ingufu nshya bivuga tekinolojiya mishya yo kubika ingufu usibye kubika ingufu za hydro pompe, harimo kubika ingufu za electrochemicique, kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zihunitse, kubika ingufu za flawheel, kubika ubushyuhe, kubika imbeho, kubika hydrogene nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga.Mubihe bishya, hari amahirwe akomeye yo kwihutisha imiterere yinganda nshya zibika ingufu.

Inyungu zigaragara hamwe nicyerekezo kinini

Mu myaka yashize, ingufu nshya z’igihugu cyanjye zagumanye umuvuduko mwiza w’iterambere ryihuse, umubare munini w’imikoreshereze, hamwe n’ibikoreshwa neza.Kugeza mu mpera z'umwaka ushize, igipimo cy’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu mashanyarazi y’igihugu cyose cyarengeje 50%, mu mateka kikaba cyarenze ubushobozi bw’amashanyarazi yashyizweho, kandi ingufu z’umuyaga n’amashanyarazi zashyizwe hejuru ya kilowati imwe.Amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa angana na kimwe cya gatatu cy’amashanyarazi akoreshwa na sosiyete, kandi ingufu z’umuyaga n’amashanyarazi akomeza kwiyongera.

Nkurikije ibigereranyo, igihugu cyanjye cyashyizeho ingufu z’amashanyarazi mashya nk’umuyaga n’amashanyarazi akomoka ku zuba bizagera kuri miliyari za kilowati mu 2060. Niba igice cy’ingufu z’amashanyarazi kibitswe mu bubiko nkibicuruzwa bisanzwe, kandi byoherezwa igihe abakoresha babikeneye kandi bibitswe mugihe bidakenewe, igihe-nyacyo cyo kuringaniza ingufu za sisitemu zirashobora kugumaho.Ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu niyi "ububiko" bw'ingenzi.

Nkuko igipimo cy’amashanyarazi mashya gikomeje kwiyongera, sisitemu y’amashanyarazi ikenera cyane kubika ingufu nshya.Mubikoresho byo kubika ingufu, bikoreshwa cyane, bikuze kandi byubukungu nububiko bwa pompe bubikwa.Ariko, ifite ibisabwa byinshi kumiterere yimiterere nigihe kirekire cyubwubatsi, bigatuma kuyikoresha bigoye.Ububiko bushya bwingufu bufite igihe gito cyubwubatsi, byoroshye kandi byoroshye guhitamo ikibanza, hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhindura, byuzuza ibyiza byo kubika hydro pompe.

Abahanga bavuga ko kubika ingufu nshya ari igice cy'ingenzi mu iyubakwa rya sisitemu nshya.Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryububiko bushya bwashyizwemo ingufu, uruhare rwayo mugutezimbere iterambere nogukoresha ingufu nshya hamwe nimikorere itekanye kandi ihamye ya sisitemu yamashanyarazi yagiye igaragara buhoro buhoro.Pan Wenhu, umuyobozi w'ikigo gishinzwe gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu kigo cya Leta gishinzwe gutanga amashanyarazi ya Leta ya Wuhu, yagize ati: “Mu myaka yashize, iyubakwa ry'amashanyarazi abika ingufu i Wuhu, muri Anhui ryihuse.Umwaka ushize, hiyongereyeho sitasiyo 13 nshya yo kubika ingufu mu mujyi wa Wuhu, ifite ingufu za kilowati 227.300.Muri Gashyantare uyu mwaka, sitasiyo zinyuranye zibika ingufu mu mujyi wa Wuhu zitabiriye ibyiciro birenga 50 byo kogosha amashanyarazi yo mu karere, bitwara amasaha agera kuri miliyoni 6.5 kilowatt y’ingufu nshya, bigira uruhare runini mu gutuma ingufu z’ingufu zingana urusobe no gukoresha ingufu nshya mu gihe cyo gutwara ibintu byinshi. ”

Impuguke zavuze ko igihe cya “Gahunda y’imyaka 14 n’imyaka itanu” ari igihe cy’ingenzi cy’amahirwe yo guteza imbere ububiko bushya bw’ingufu.igihugu cyanjye kigeze ku rwego rwa mbere ku isi muri bateri ya lithium-ion, kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zihunitse hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga.Guhangana n’irushanwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu ku isi, igihe kirageze cyo gushyigikira icyatsi kibisi na karuboni nkeya mu ikoranabuhanga no kwihutisha iyubakwa rya sisitemu nshya yo kubika ingufu z’ikoranabuhanga.

Wibande ku cyatsi kibisi na karubone nkeya

Mu ntangiriro za 2022, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe amajyambere n’ivugurura n’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu basohoye hamwe “Gahunda yo Gushyira mu bikorwa Iterambere ry’Ububiko bushya bw’ingufu muri“ Gahunda y’imyaka 14 n’imyaka itanu ””, isobanura ko mu 2025, ububiko bushya bw’ingufu izinjira murwego rwiterambere rinini kuva murwego rwo hambere rwubucuruzi, hamwe nubushobozi bunini bwubucuruzi.

Hamwe na politiki nziza, iterambere ritandukanye kandi ryujuje ubuziranenge bwo kubika ingufu nshya ryageze ku musaruro udasanzwe.Ati: "Kubika ingufu nshya byahindutse ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi mu gihugu cyanjye cyo kubaka amashanyarazi mashya na sisitemu nshya y’amashanyarazi, icyerekezo gikomeye cyo guhinga inganda zigenda ziyongera ndetse n’intangiriro ikomeye yo guteza imbere icyatsi kibisi na karuboni nkeya mu kongera ingufu n’ikoreshwa."Umuyobozi wungirije w'ishami rishinzwe kubungabunga no gukoresha ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga umuyobozi w'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ingufu, Bian Guangqi.

Kugeza mu mpera z'umwaka ushize, ubushobozi bwo gushyira ingufu mu mishinga mishya yo kubika ingufu zari zararangiye kandi zishyirwa mu bikorwa mu gihugu hose zageze kuri miliyoni 31.39 kilowatts / miliyoni 66.87 za kilowatt, mu gihe impuzandengo yo kubika ingufu zingana n'amasaha 2.1.Urebye igipimo cy’ishoramari, kuva “Gahunda y’imyaka 14 y’imyaka itanu”, ubushobozi bushya bwo kubika ingufu zashyizweho bwateje imbere mu buryo butaziguye ishoramari ry’ubukungu ry’amafaranga arenga miliyari 100, bikomeza kwaguka no mu nsi y’urwego rw’inganda, kandi bihinduka bishya imbaraga ziterambere ryigihugu cyanjye.

Mugihe imbaraga nshya zo kubika ingufu zashyizweho ziyongera, tekinoroji nshya ikomeje kugaragara.Kuva mu mwaka ushize, ubwubatsi bwatangiye ku mishinga myinshi yo kubika ingufu za megawatt 300 zashyizwe mu bikorwa, imishinga yo kubika ingufu za megawatt 100, hamwe n’imishinga yo kubika ingufu za megawatt.Hatangijwe ikoranabuhanga rishya nko kubika ingufu za rukuruzi, kubika ingufu zo mu kirere, no kubika ingufu za karuboni.Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryerekanye muri rusange inzira zitandukanye ziterambere.Mu mpera za 2023, 97.4% yo kubika ingufu za batiri ya lithium-ion yashyizwe mu bikorwa, 0.5% yo kubika ingufu za batiri-karubone, 0.5% yo kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zafunzwe, 0.4% yo kubika ingufu za batiri zitemba, n’ibindi bishya kubika ingufu Ikoranabuhanga rifite 1,2%.

Ati: "Kubika ingufu nshya ni ikoranabuhanga rihungabanya kubaka sisitemu nshya y’ingufu nyinshi, kandi tuzakomeza kongera ingufu mu kohereza."Song Hailiang, umunyamabanga wa komite y’ishyaka akaba n’umuyobozi wa China Energy Construction Group Co., Ltd., yavuze ko ku bijyanye n’ubuyobozi bw’inganda, turi imbere y’umurongo wo kohereza ibikorwa binini byoherejwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu kubika ingufu za gazi zashyizweho byashyizeho a umubare wimishinga yo kwerekana udushya.Muri icyo gihe, turibanda ku buryo bunini bwo gukoresha no gukoresha ingufu za elegitoroniki y’amashanyarazi, dufata iyambere mu gukora ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze rikoresha ingufu za rukuruzi n’ibikoresho, tunateza imbere cyane iyubakwa ry’ingufu za Zhangjiakou 300 MWh. umushinga.

Gukoresha neza bigomba kunozwa

Kugirango ibyifuzo byihutirwa byubushobozi bwo kugenzura sisitemu yingufu, ubushobozi bushya bwo kubika ingufu bwashyizweho buracyakeneye gukomeza iterambere ryihuse.Nka nganda zigenda zitera imbere, kubika ingufu nshya biracyari mubyiciro byambere byiterambere.Hano haribibazo nko kohereza bike no gukoresha urwego n'umutekano bigomba gushimangirwa.

Nk’uko abashinzwe inganda babitangaza, ukurikije ibisabwa n’inzego z’ingufu z’ibanze, imishinga myinshi mishya y’ingufu ifite ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu.Nyamara, kubera ubushobozi budahagije bwo gushyigikira ibikorwa, imishinga yubucuruzi idasobanutse, uburyo bwo gucunga bidafite ishingiro nibindi bibazo, igipimo cyo gukoresha kiri hasi.

Mu Gushyingo umwaka ushize, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu cyasohoye “Itangazo ryo guteza imbere imiyoboro ya interineti no kohereza ikoreshwa ry’ububiko bushya bw’ingufu (Umushinga w’ibitekerezo)”, ryasobanuye uburyo bwo gucunga, ibisabwa bya tekiniki, uburyo bwo kurinda umutekano, n’ibindi byo kubika ingufu nshya grid guhuza no kohereza porogaramu., biteganijwe kuzamura urwego rwo gukoresha ububiko bushya bw’ingufu, kuyobora iterambere ryiza ry’inganda, kandi bizagira ingaruka nziza ku iterambere ry’ububiko bw’ingufu mu bijyanye no kohereza amashanyarazi no kubaka isoko.

Nka nganda, inganda, hamwe nubuhanga bukoreshwa mubucuruzi, kubika ingufu nshya bifite iterambere ryiterambere rishingiye ku guhanga udushya.Liu Yafang, umwarimu w'igihe gito muri kaminuza ya Zhejiang akaba yarahoze ari umuyobozi wungirije w'ishami ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga mu kigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ingufu, yavuze ko nk'ikigo gishya, ibigo bitagomba kwita gusa ku mikorere ya tekiniki y'ibikoresho bibika ingufu ubwabyo , ariko kandi wibande kubitekerezo bitunganijwe, kugenzura ubwenge, no gukora ubwenge.Ishoramari rigomba kongererwa imbaraga mugucunga ubwenge ibikorwa byububiko bwingufu no gutanga isoko ryingufu, nibindi, kugirango bigire uruhare runini muguhindura byoroshye agaciro ko kubika ingufu no kugera kubikorwa byiza kandi byunguka cyane.

Wang Zeshen, umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zitanga amashanyarazi n’ubushinwa n’Ubushinwa, yasabye ko imiterere y’igihugu cyanjye ndetse n’iterambere ry’isoko ry’ingufu bigomba gutekerezwa ku buryo bunonosoye, igishushanyo mbonera cyo hejuru cya politiki yo kubika ingufu kigomba gushimangirwa, ubushakashatsi kuri gahunda yo kubika ingufu hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi muri sisitemu nshya y’amashanyarazi bigomba gukorwa, kandi hagomba gushakishwa ibisubizo by’imbogamizi ku bubiko.Ibitekerezo nuburyo bushobora guteza imbere inzitizi bizateza imbere iterambere ryiterambere rya tekinolojiya mishya itandukanye yo kubika ingufu kandi bigira uruhare runini mugushigikira imikorere yumutekano kandi ihamye ya sisitemu nshya.(Wang Yichen)